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1 protection of industrial designs
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2 protection
охрана; защита- protection at exhibitions
- protection by patent
- protection for designs
- protection from unfair competition
- protection under the patent law
- protection of algorithms
- protection of chemically obtained substances
- protection of computer programs and data bases
- protection of designs
- protection of discoveries
- protection of exposed trade secrets
- protection of geographical denominations
- protection of indications of source
- protection of industrial designs
- protection of industrial property
- protection of industrial property rights
- protection of intellectual property
- protection of intellectual property rights
- protection of inventions
- protection of inventor's rights
- protection of know-how
- protection of licensor
- protection of marks
- protection of new varieties of plants
- protection of patent
- protection of patent rights
- protection of scientific discoveries
- protection of scientific property
- protection of semi-conductor topographies layout designs for integrated circuit chips
- protection of technical data
- protection of topographies of integrated circuits
- ad interim protection
- common law protection
- copyright protection
- design protection
- international protection
- legal protection
- long-term protection
- patent protection
- patent rights protection
- product protection
- property protection
- provisional protection
- quality protection
- sample protection
- short-term protection
- temporary protection
- trademark protection
- trade secrets protection* * *охрана; защита—————см. coverage -
3 protection
noun[under] police protection — [unter] Polizeischutz
4) (legal immunity) Immunität, die* * *[-ʃən]1) (the act of protecting or state of being protected: He ran to his mother for protection; This type of lock gives extra protection against burglary.) der Schutz2) (something that protects: The trees were a good protection against the wind.) der Schutz* * *pro·tec·tion[prəˈtekʃən]npolice \protection Polizeischutz mto be under sb's \protection unter jds Schutz stehenlead is the preferred form of \protection against x-ray radiation zur Abschirmung der Röntgenstrahlung nutzt man meist Bleito pay \protection Schutzgeld zahlen* * *[prə'tekSən]nto be under sb's protection — unter jds Schutz (dat) stehen
2) Schutzgeld nt* * *protection [prəˈtekʃn] sprotection of interests Interessenwahrung f2. WIRTSCH, JUR (Rechts)Schutz m:protection of industrial property gewerblicher Rechtsschutz;legal protection of registered designs Gebrauchsmusterschutz;protection against dismissal Kündigungsschutz3. WIRTSCH Schutzzoll m4. WIRTSCH Schutzzoll(politik) m(f), -system ngive protection to a bill für einen Wechsel einstehen6. JUR, SCHIFF US Schutz-, Geleitbrief m7. Protektion f, Gönnerschaft f8. a) Protektion f (Schutz gegen Verfolgung durch Polizei oder Gangster)protection racket Organisation, die Schutzgelder erpresst9. TECH Schutz m* * *noununder the protection of somebody/something — unter jemandes Schutz/dem Schutz einer Sache (Gen.)
[under] police protection — [unter] Polizeischutz
3) (of wildlife etc.) Schutz, der4) (legal immunity) Immunität, die* * *n.Schutz m.Schutzeinrichtung f.Wahrung -en f. -
4 protection
n1) защита, охрана3) акцептование
- adequate protection
- agricultural protection
- arbitration protection
- call protection
- cargo protection
- Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection
- cheque protection
- consumer protection
- consumer's rights protection
- crop protection
- design protection
- double protection
- efficient protection
- environmental protection
- error protection
- external protection
- fire protection
- flood protection
- frost protection
- health protection
- individual protection
- industrial property protection
- intellectual property protection
- internal protection
- investment protection
- investor protection
- joint protection
- labour protection
- legal protection
- mortgage protection
- patent protection
- plant protection
- quality protection
- radiation protection
- share protection against forgery
- shareholder protection
- standard protection
- statutory protection
- trademark protection
- weather protection
- protection against accidents
- protection against damage
- protection against risks
- protection by copyright
- protection by law
- protection by patent
- protection from import competition
- protection of banknotes against forgery
- protection of a bill
- protection of a bill of exchange
- protection of creditors
- protection of depositors
- protection of designs
- protection of a discovery
- protection of a draft
- protection of environment
- protection of exclusive rights
- protection of exhibits
- protection of goods
- protection of home industries
- protection of interests
- protection of the interior
- protection of an invention
- protection of inventors
- protection of inventor's rights
- protection of investors
- protection of know-how
- protection of labels
- protection of labour
- protection of a licensor
- protection of patent rights
- protection of persons
- protection of pledged property from encroachment and claims of third parties
- protection of property
- protection of rights
- protection of securities
- protection of trademarks
- protection of a violated right
- give protection
- provide protection
- receive protection
- secure protectionEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > protection
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5 industrial design
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6 охрана промышленных образцов
protection for designs, protection of designs, protection of industrial designsРусско-английский словарь по патентам и товарным знакам > охрана промышленных образцов
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7 design
1. noun1) (preliminary sketch) Entwurf, der2) (pattern) Muster, das5) (general idea, construction from parts) Konstruktion, die6) in pl.have designs on somebody/something — es auf jemanden/etwas abgesehen haben
7) (purpose) Absicht, die8) (end in view) Ziel, das2. transitive verb1) (draw plan of, sketch) entwerfen; konstruieren, entwerfen [Maschine, Fahrzeug, Flugzeug]2)be designed to do something — [Maschine, Werkzeug, Gerät:] etwas tun sollen
3) (set apart) vorsehenbe designed for somebody/something — für jemanden/etwas gedacht od. vorgesehen sein
* * *1. verb(to invent and prepare a plan of (something) before it is built or made: A famous architect designed this building.) entwerfen2. noun1) (a sketch or plan produced before something is made: a design for a dress.) der Entwurf2) (style; the way in which something has been made or put together: It is very modern in design; I don't like the design of that building.) die Gestaltung, die Bauart3) (a pattern etc: The curtains have a flower design on them.) das Muster4) (a plan formed in the mind; (an) intention: Our holidays coincided by design and not by accident.) die Absicht•- academic.ru/19873/designer">designer- designing* * *de·sign[dɪˈzaɪn]I. vt1. (plan)▪ to \design sth etw entwerfento \design books Bücher gestaltento \design cars Autos konstruierento \design a dress ein Kleid entwerfen2. (intend)▪ to be \designed for sb für jdn konzipiert seinthese measures are \designed to reduce pollution diese Maßnahmen sollen die Luftverschmutzung verringernII. vi entwerfen, gestaltenIII. nto study \design Design studieren3. (arrangement of form, colour) Design nt (of + gen); of building Bauart f; of machine Konstruktion fto do sth by \design etw mit Absicht tunto have \designs on a championship es auf einen Titel abgesehen habenIV. adj attr, inv Konstruktions-\design fault Konstruktionsfehler m\design feature Konstruktionsmerkmal nt* * *[dI'zaɪn]1. n1) (= planning, shaping etc of building, book, picture etc) Entwurf m; (of dress) Design nt, Entwurf m; (of car, machine, plane etc) Konstruktion fit's still at the design stage — es befindet sich noch in der Konstruktion or im Konstruktionsstadium
it was a good/faulty design — es war gut/schlecht konstruiert
2) no pl (as subject = art of designing) Design nt3) (= pattern on pottery, material) Muster nt4) (= intention) Plan m, Absicht fby design ( rather than accident) — absichtlich (und nicht zufällig)
to have designs on sb/sth — mit jdm/etw etwas im Sinn haben, es auf jdn/etw abgesehen haben
he has designs on her — er hat etwas mit ihr vor
2. vt1) (= plan, draw) entwerfen; machine konstruierena well designed machine —
car seats designed for maximum safety — Autositze, die für maximale Sicherheit konstruiert sind
2)(= intend)
to be designed for sb/sth —the dictionary is designed for beginners a peace plan designed to end the civil war — das Wörterbuch ist für Anfänger bestimmt or konzipiert ein Friedensplan, der den Bürgerkrieg beenden soll
the legislation is designed as a consumer protection measure — die Gesetzgebung soll dem Verbraucherschutz dienen
3. viplanen, Pläne or Entwürfe machen4. adj attrDesign-* * *design [dıˈzaın]A v/t1. entwerfen, aufzeichnen, skizzieren, TECH konstruieren:design a dress ein Kleid entwerfen2. gestalten, ausführen, anlegen:3. fig entwerfen, ausdenken, ersinnen4. im Sinne haben, vorhaben, planen ( alle:doing, to do zu tun)5. bestimmen, vorsehen ( beide:for für jemanden oder etwas;as als):design sb to be a priest jemanden dazu ausersehen, Priester zu werdenfor für)C s1. Design n, Entwurf m, Zeichnung f, Plan m, Skizze f3. TECHa) Baumuster n, Konstruktionszeichnung fb) Bauart f, Bau(weise) m(f), Konstruktion f, Ausführung f:4. Design n, (dekoratives) Muster6. Plan m, Anlage f, Anordnung f7. Plan m, Vorhaben n, Absicht f:by design mit Absicht, absichtlich;with the design of doing mit der Absicht oder dem Vorsatz zu tun8. Ziel n, (End)Zweck m9. Anschlag m ([up]on sb’s life auf jemandes Leben), böse Absicht:have designs (up)on ( oder against) etwas (Böses) im Schilde führen gegen, es abgesehen haben auf (akk), a. hum einen Anschlag vorhaben auf (akk)10. Zweckmäßigkeit f:* * *1. noun1) (preliminary sketch) Entwurf, der2) (pattern) Muster, das5) (general idea, construction from parts) Konstruktion, die6) in pl.have designs on somebody/something — es auf jemanden/etwas abgesehen haben
7) (purpose) Absicht, dieby design — mit Absicht; absichtlich
8) (end in view) Ziel, das2. transitive verb1) (draw plan of, sketch) entwerfen; konstruieren, entwerfen [Maschine, Fahrzeug, Flugzeug]2)be designed to do something — [Maschine, Werkzeug, Gerät:] etwas tun sollen
3) (set apart) vorsehenbe designed for somebody/something — für jemanden/etwas gedacht od. vorgesehen sein
* * *n.Bauplan -¨e m.Entwurf -¨e m.Gestaltung f.Konstruktion f.Planung -en f. v.entwerfen v.konstruieren v.konzipieren (Technik) v.planen v. -
8 Hamilton, Harold Lee (Hal)
[br]b. 14 June 1890 Little Shasta, California, USAd. 3 May 1969 California, USA[br]American pioneer of diesel rail traction.[br]Orphaned as a child, Hamilton went to work for Southern Pacific Railroad in his teens, and then worked for several other companies. In his spare time he learned mathematics and physics from a retired professor. In 1911 he joined the White Motor Company, makers of road motor vehicles in Denver, Colorado, where he had gone to recuperate from malaria. He remained there until 1922, apart from an eighteenth-month break for war service.Upon his return from war service, Hamilton found White selling petrol-engined railbuses with mechanical transmission, based on road vehicles, to railways. He noted that they were not robust enough and that the success of petrol railcars with electric transmission, built by General Electric since 1906, was limited as they were complex to drive and maintain. In 1922 Hamilton formed, and became President of, the Electro- Motive Engineering Corporation (later Electro-Motive Corporation) to design and produce petrol-electric rail cars. Needing an engine larger than those used in road vehicles, yet lighter and faster than marine engines, he approached the Win ton Engine Company to develop a suitable engine; in addition, General Electric provided electric transmission with a simplified control system. Using these components, Hamilton arranged for his petrol-electric railcars to be built by the St Louis Car Company, with the first being completed in 1924. It was the beginning of a highly successful series. Fuel costs were lower than for steam trains and initial costs were kept down by using standardized vehicles instead of designing for individual railways. Maintenance costs were minimized because Electro-Motive kept stocks of spare parts and supplied replacement units when necessary. As more powerful, 800 hp (600 kW) railcars were produced, railways tended to use them to haul trailer vehicles, although that practice reduced the fuel saving. By the end of the decade Electro-Motive needed engines more powerful still and therefore had to use cheap fuel. Diesel engines of the period, such as those that Winton had made for some years, were too heavy in relation to their power, and too slow and sluggish for rail use. Their fuel-injection system was erratic and insufficiently robust and Hamilton concluded that a separate injector was needed for each cylinder.In 1930 Electro-Motive Corporation and Winton were acquired by General Motors in pursuance of their aim to develop a diesel engine suitable for rail traction, with the use of unit fuel injectors; Hamilton retained his position as President. At this time, industrial depression had combined with road and air competition to undermine railway-passenger business, and Ralph Budd, President of the Chicago, Burlington \& Quincy Railroad, thought that traffic could be recovered by way of high-speed, luxury motor trains; hence the Pioneer Zephyr was built for the Burlington. This comprised a 600 hp (450 kW), lightweight, two-stroke, diesel engine developed by General Motors (model 201 A), with electric transmission, that powered a streamlined train of three articulated coaches. This train demonstrated its powers on 26 May 1934 by running non-stop from Denver to Chicago, a distance of 1,015 miles (1,635 km), in 13 hours and 6 minutes, when the fastest steam schedule was 26 hours. Hamilton and Budd were among those on board the train, and it ushered in an era of high-speed diesel trains in the USA. By then Hamilton, with General Motors backing, was planning to use the lightweight engine to power diesel-electric locomotives. Their layout was derived not from steam locomotives, but from the standard American boxcar. The power plant was mounted within the body and powered the bogies, and driver's cabs were at each end. Two 900 hp (670 kW) engines were mounted in a single car to become an 1,800 hp (l,340 kW) locomotive, which could be operated in multiple by a single driver to form a 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) locomotive. To keep costs down, standard locomotives could be mass-produced rather than needing individual designs for each railway, as with steam locomotives. Two units of this type were completed in 1935 and sent on trial throughout much of the USA. They were able to match steam locomotive performance, with considerable economies: fuel costs alone were halved and there was much less wear on the track. In the same year, Electro-Motive began manufacturing diesel-electrie locomotives at La Grange, Illinois, with design modifications: the driver was placed high up above a projecting nose, which improved visibility and provided protection in the event of collision on unguarded level crossings; six-wheeled bogies were introduced, to reduce axle loading and improve stability. The first production passenger locomotives emerged from La Grange in 1937, and by early 1939 seventy units were in service. Meanwhile, improved engines had been developed and were being made at La Grange, and late in 1939 a prototype, four-unit, 5,400 hp (4,000 kW) diesel-electric locomotive for freight trains was produced and sent out on test from coast to coast; production versions appeared late in 1940. After an interval from 1941 to 1943, when Electro-Motive produced diesel engines for military and naval use, locomotive production resumed in quantity in 1944, and within a few years diesel power replaced steam on most railways in the USA.Hal Hamilton remained President of Electro-Motive Corporation until 1942, when it became a division of General Motors, of which he became Vice-President.[br]Further ReadingP.M.Reck, 1948, On Time: The History of the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors Corporation, La Grange, Ill.: General Motors (describes Hamilton's career).PJGRBiographical history of technology > Hamilton, Harold Lee (Hal)
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